Stack de monitorización y alertas: Prometheus, Grafana y AlertManager

# compose.yml
services:
 
  prometheus:
    image: prom/prometheus:latest
    restart: unless-stopped
    volumes:
      - ./prometheus/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml:ro
      - prometheus_data:/prometheus
    command:
      - '--config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml'
      - '--storage.tsdb.retention.time=30d'
      - '--web.enable-lifecycle'
    ports:
      - "127.0.0.1:9090:9090"
 
  alertmanager:
    image: prom/alertmanager:latest
    restart: unless-stopped
    volumes:
      - ./alertmanager/alertmanager.yml:/etc/alertmanager/alertmanager.yml:ro
    ports:
      - "127.0.0.1:9093:9093"
 
  grafana:
    image: grafana/grafana:latest
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
      GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD: ${GRAFANA_PASSWORD}
      GF_USERS_ALLOW_SIGN_UP: 'false'
      GF_SERVER_ROOT_URL: https://grafana.yourdomain.com
    volumes:
      - grafana_data:/var/lib/grafana
      - ./grafana/provisioning:/etc/grafana/provisioning:ro
    ports:
      - "127.0.0.1:3001:3000"
 
  node_exporter:
    image: prom/node-exporter:latest
    restart: unless-stopped
    network_mode: host
    pid: host
    volumes:
      - /:/host:ro,rslave
    command:
      - '--path.rootfs=/host'
 
  postgres_exporter:
    image: prometheuscommunity/postgres-exporter:latest
    restart: unless-stopped
    environment:
      DATA_SOURCE_NAME: "postgresql://monitor:${DB_MONITOR_PASSWORD}@db:5432/appdb?sslmode=disable"
 
volumes:
  prometheus_data:
  grafana_data:

# prometheus/prometheus.yml
global:
  scrape_interval: 15s
  evaluation_interval: 15s
 
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
    - static_configs:
        - targets: ['alertmanager:9093']
 
rule_files:
  - 'alerts/*.yml'
 
scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'prometheus'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['localhost:9090']
 
  - job_name: 'node'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['node_exporter:9100']
 
  - job_name: 'postgres'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['postgres_exporter:9187']
 
  - job_name: 'app'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['app:3000']  # Tu app debe exponer /metrics
    metrics_path: '/metrics'

# prometheus/alerts/infrastructure.yml
groups:
  - name: infrastructure
    rules:
      - alert: HighCPUUsage
        expr: 100 - (avg by(instance) (rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode="idle"}[5m])) * 100) > 80
        for: 5m
        labels:
          severity: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "High CPU usage on {{ $labels.instance }}"
          description: "CPU usage is {{ $value | humanize }}% for more than 5 minutes."
 
      - alert: LowDiskSpace
        expr: (node_filesystem_avail_bytes{mountpoint="/"} / node_filesystem_size_bytes{mountpoint="/"}) * 100 < 15
        for: 5m
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          summary: "Low disk space on {{ $labels.instance }}"
          description: "Disk space is {{ $value | humanize }}% full."
 
      - alert: PostgreSQLDown
        expr: pg_up == 0
        for: 1m
        labels:
          severity: critical
        annotations:
          summary: "PostgreSQL is down"
 
      - alert: HighMemoryUsage
        expr: (1 - (node_memory_MemAvailable_bytes / node_memory_MemTotal_bytes)) * 100 > 85
        for: 10m
        labels:
          severity: warning
        annotations:
          summary: "High memory usage on {{ $labels.instance }}"

# alertmanager/alertmanager.yml
global:
  resolve_timeout: 5m
  slack_api_url: 'https://hooks.slack.com/services/YOUR/WEBHOOK/URL'
 
route:
  receiver: 'slack-notifications'
  group_by: ['alertname', 'instance']
  group_wait: 30s
  group_interval: 5m
  repeat_interval: 4h
 
  routes:
    # Las alertas críticas van a PagerDuty
    - receiver: 'pagerduty-critical'
      match:
        severity: critical
      continue: true  # También se envían a Slack
 
    # Las alertas de advertencia solo van a Slack
    - receiver: 'slack-notifications'
      match:
        severity: warning
 
receivers:
  - name: 'slack-notifications'
    slack_configs:
      - channel: '#alerts'
        title: '{{ .GroupLabels.alertname }}'
        text: '{{ range .Alerts }}{{ .Annotations.description }}{{ end }}'
        send_resolved: true
 
  - name: 'pagerduty-critical'
    pagerduty_configs:
      - routing_key: 'YOUR_PAGERDUTY_ROUTING_KEY'
        description: '{{ .GroupLabels.alertname }}: {{ range .Alerts }}{{ .Annotations.summary }}{{ end }}'

// Node.js con prom-client
import { Registry, Counter, Histogram, collectDefaultMetrics } from 'prom-client';
import express from 'express';
 
const register = new Registry();
collectDefaultMetrics({ register });
 
// Métricas personalizadas
const httpRequestDuration = new Histogram({
  name: 'http_request_duration_seconds',
  help: 'Duration of HTTP requests in seconds',
  labelNames: ['method', 'route', 'status_code'],
  buckets: [0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5],
  registers: [register],
});
 
const httpRequestsTotal = new Counter({
  name: 'http_requests_total',
  help: 'Total number of HTTP requests',
  labelNames: ['method', 'route', 'status_code'],
  registers: [register],
});
 
// Middleware
app.use((req, res, next) => {
  const start = Date.now();
  res.on('finish', () => {
    const duration = (Date.now() - start) / 1000;
    const route = req.route?.path ?? req.path;
    httpRequestDuration.labels(req.method, route, res.statusCode.toString()).observe(duration);
    httpRequestsTotal.labels(req.method, route, res.statusCode.toString()).inc();
  });
  next();
});
 
// Endpoint de métricas
app.get('/metrics', async (req, res) => {
  res.set('Content-Type', register.contentType);
  res.send(await register.metrics());
});

# grafana/provisioning/dashboards/dashboard.yml
apiVersion: 1
providers:
  - name: 'default'
    folder: 'Infrastructure'
    type: file
    options:
      path: /etc/grafana/provisioning/dashboards